First Aid for the Wayfarer

No matter how experienced you are, accidents and sudden illness can happen anywhere. When you’re far from help, even basic first aid knowledge can make a critical difference—for yourself or for someone with you.

Emergencies aren’t limited to remote areas, either. They can happen unexpectedly, even on well-traveled paths. That’s why it’s important for anyone spending time outdoors to be prepared. A simple, well-prepared first aid kit can turn that knowledge into action when it matters most.

Here are some basic guidelines for handling some common ailments in the outdoors:

Bites and Stings. Insect bites: apply diluted ammonia to reduce irritation. Snake or animal bites: Tie a firm band above the wound (between the injury and the heart) to slow the spread of venom. Encourage slight bleeding by keeping the limb low and rinsing with warm water. Clean and cover the wound as soon as possible.

Bleeding. For minor bleeding: very cold or hot water can help slow it. For more serious bleeding, apply direct pressure with a clean dressing. Raise the injured limb if possible. If bleeding is severe and spurting (bright red blood), use a tourniquet as a last resort. 

Blisters: Ask any experienced hiker what ruins more trips than weather, and they’ll tell you – blisters. These little devils can turn a fun day hike into a painful shuffle. What to pack: Moleskin patches quality athletic tape. Alcohol wipes for cleaning. Small scissors for cutting tape or Moleskin to size. Wearing two pairs of  socks can be helpful in preventing blister.

Tick and Splinter Removal. Unfortunately, Ticks are everywhere, and splinters love hikers. Be ready for both. Essential tools: Fine-pointed tweezers (get good ones – cheap tweezers break at the worst times). Tick prevention tip: Do a full body check after hiking in brushy areas. Deer ticks can cause serious problems, e.g. Lyme disease, if not removed.

Burns. If slight, causing only pain and reddening of the skin, apply two per cent boric acid solution, or oil or butter. If more severe, cut away clothing round injured area, cover at once with wool to  exclude air, and apply ointment and bandage.

Fainting. If you or a companion feels faint, sit and lowering the  the head can sometimes prevent it. If your companion loses consciousness, loosen tight clothing, especially around the neck. Lay them down with their head low and legs raised to improve blood flow to the brain. Do not give food or drink to someone who is unconscious.

If you have ongoing health conditions, never hit the trail without Inhaler (if you have asthma); EpiPen (if you have severe allergies); Any daily medications in a waterproof container.